Independent Baptist Minister and young earth creationist, Kent Hovind, “Doctor Dino”, nearing the end of a long prison sentence on tax related trial finds himself facing new charges related to filings on property seized as a result of his previous conviction. Earlier this month, a jury convicted him on one count of contempt of court. The jury failed to reach a verdict on more serious fraud and conspiracy charges. A new trial on those charges is scheduled for May 18th.
I have been following the tax travails of Doctor Dino since the fall of 2012 when I wrote about the Tax Court decision in the case of his wife, Jo Delia Hovind. Like many Tax Court decisions, I found that the story behind the story was more interesting.
I have found that Hovindology is a bit like archaeology. The current prosecution and Tax Court decisions that caught my attention are like the ruins of an ancient city, that have other even more ancient cities below them.
I have provided some backing to Jonathan Schwartz, of Interlock Media, who has been covering the trial, while also digging deeper into the background of the Kent Hovind story, In this piece he relates his conversation with a young evangelist, who by his account, was Kent Hovind”s right hand man for a while.
I have some thoughts on this piece that I will share at the end. PJR
Coffee Shops and Young Earth Creationism:
A clandestine encounter in a mall
We asked Daniel Johnson to meet us investigative types from Interlock Media at Panera in the main shopping mall of Pensacola, Florida. We needed an insider’s perspective on Kent Hovind. Johnson knew Hovind intimately, he’d worked for him for years.
Many of the local preachers hold court with outsiders in another coffee shop, the Drowsy Poet. We figured we’d get more privacy by meeting Johnson elsewhere. Pensacola you see, is one very small town. Pensacolans do not forget much.
If you act out too much, they don’t forgive. It’s bad for beach tourism. Tourism, the military, and retirees with medical needs bring in the money.
Was I becoming a conspiracy theorist by association?
Panera locked their doors just as we arrived to get situated in advance of our guest. They had suddenly closed for a special convocation of baristas. Just what did Panera’s baristas have to meet about behind locked doors? I was pondering some coffee servers conspiracy, obviously suffering from cloak and dagger disorder, muddled by the intrigue being dished up at Hovind’s aka Dr.Dino © Federal trial. Hovind stood accused of tax and real estate fraud, contempt and collusion. The sorts of charges known in street vernacular as lies and sleaze. I was clearly starting to see nefarious activity on every corner. Too much gruel in the courtroom.
Salad & Chops
The story of an acolyte who drops everything to evangelize
Creationism at Dinosaur Adventure Land.
I spotted Romano’s Marconi Grill halfway up the strip, as an alternative venue to replace the coffee shop, and a message was relayed to Johnson. This new meet location was more upscale than Panera. Evidenced by the fact that the waiter, in some sort of Romano’s Grill routine, wrote his name with crayon on the paper tablecloth as part of the fancy shtick. It was a nice touch, in theory, but his handwriting was illegible, so I asked and his name was Nick. From time to time Nick tried to do good waiter things and be solicitous, but not too insistently, as even our waiter got it that Johnson had a story to tell that wouldn’t keep.
All the others who had worked closely with Kent Hovind were universally reluctant to say much about “ a brother in Christ” . This further elevated the importance of Johnson’s recollections. He’d decided, after much thought and prayer, to share his recollections on Kent Hovind, his former boss, travel companion, and mentor whom he had left Colorado behind to serve. I had the sense that he was glad to share his feelings, I imagine they had been weighing on him.
Eagle Scout
Johnson was slim, just a bit awkward, albeit in a practiced way as a street preacher like him has to get very real with total strangers in an instant. All Adam’s apple and kind, slightly lonely eyes, a young looking thirty-four. He proudly sported a simple Philmont fleece jacket. Philmont is the New Mexican mountain Mecca of all Boy Scouts. Johnson told me he’d spent four of the best summers of his life there. It’s a finishing stop on the path to Eagle Scout. Of course he was quick to add that he did not endorse the “new Boy Scouts”, referring to their recent reluctant policy of semi-acceptance of homosexuals.
Daniel Johnson Tells All
We ordered. I had decent veal chops, Daniel something slightly Italian. As for Abigail, our homeschooled journalist savant and her ebullient mom, I don’t remember what they ate. The two of them had sourced, and encouraged, Johnson in the first place. As far as I was concerned, that could order anything they wanted.
So here, mid-way through Kent Hovind’s recent trial, Johnson delivered a startling look into Hovind’s personality and the dysfunctional management of the Creation Science Evangelism (CSE) ministry and Dinosaur Adventure Land (DAL) , Hovind’s personal sandbox.
Clearly, Johnson’s total disillusionment with Hovind’s meddlesome mismanagement of Dinosaur Adventure Land, to which he had devoted five years of his life, the disintegration of its communal, family-like living structure, which he had enjoyed, and the subsequent public disgrace and arrest of its leader, Kent Hovind, all this had been traumatic.
Johnson shakes off his frustration with Hovind by walking from Maine to LA
After it all fell apart in Dinosaur Adventure Land, and Eric Hovind, the heir apparent, was slowing starting to get his legs under him and reboot the Ministry while Kent Hovind was adjusting to life in lock-up and continuing to try rule the roost like a Capo, Johnson decided to head out on his own. He was understandably bitter. So off he went, on foot, coast-to-coast from Maine to Los Angeles, preaching and blogging and posting Youtubes on his take on Jesus. On the way he took a massive detour to hike across the rugged mountains of Philmont, the Boy Scout basecamp. Johnson was like that, super organized and quiet but intensively driven, precisely why he been recruited by Hovind. The solo march had taken him two years, arguably still not enough time to purge his disappointment with Dinosaur Adventure Land and the Hovind debacle.
Johnson had become a Christian at twenty-four years of age. Before that he helped out at bars in his hometown, Dallas, and did odd jobs. He wasn’t real clear about his pre- Christ days. Oddly enough, he’d became born-again watching Christian television, then enrolled in Colorado Bible College until Creationism caught his interest via the internet.
He had looked into joining one or the other of the the superstars of Young Earth Creationism, either the Australian-born, Kentucky-based Ken Ham or Kent Hovind. Each promoted a vision of a six thousand year old earth with Dinosaurs tromping around the Garden of Eden and cavemen underfoot. Hovind’s Creation Science Evangelism proved a bigger draw for Johnson, he was captivated by Hovind’s rebel stand on anti- tax and government issues set forth in Video Lesson Six on the “Dangers of Evolution”.
Johnson’s half-decade at Dinosaur Adventure Land
Johnson was thrilled that the iconoclastic minister brazenly challenged the practice of paying social security and most kinds of taxes — all that appealed to the young Johnson. Rather than mail his resume to Hovind, Johnson drove straight from bible school in Colorado to Pensacola, and handed his credentials to Hovind personally.
Johnson started by volunteering at Dinosaur Adventure Land in 2002 doing maintenance on the park. A squat fifth-wheel trailer was his living quarters, and he grabbed the occasional shower in the main house. He befriended one of Kent Hovind’s sons, Eric,who was being groomed for the ascension, as well as the head carpenter. Those two, as Johnson tells it, seemed most capable of at least occasionally commanding Kent’s attention, if only in bursts.
When Johnson was first settling in to daily life at Dinosaur Adventure Land, Hovind appeared to be leading an amazing ministry with a huge national following. Before he was hired full-time, Johnson gladly served as a volunteer. Hovind would sometimes open his wallet and hand him some cash for his efforts, walking-around-money. He was generous that way, and enjoyed, as people do who are impulsive and require an entourage, rewarding Johnson with ready and random amounts of money as an incentive.
Ego and Pride got the best of Dr.Dino
According to Johnson, as Hovind gained popularity in the Christian community, there were more and more people telling him how great he was,and all he was doing for God. Johnson speaks of a different Hovind–a man with crippling, self-defeating character flaws.
Johnson hadn’t always felt so negative about Hovind. He spent five years working his way up the ranks to acting manager at Dinosaur Adventure Land. For two years, Johnson traveled with Hovind to his seminars. He spent over 100 days on the road with him. As often the sole member of Hovind’s road crew, Johnson was valued by the team for being super-organized, tireless, and a grounding force for Hovind during his speaking tours of the Southeast.
Six days on the road and I am gonna make it home tonight
When outstation, Hovind would suddenly get a strong urge to get back to home, family and Adventure Land. Johnson would barely have time to make their goodbyes. Hovind would have left paperwork scattered everywhere. Johnson would dutifully pack it up. Hovind by that time was already in the van, sleeping or writing. Often Hovind would have picked up something from the road, such as an idea for a new model to build at the park, an artifact to help him demonstrate the tenets of creationism, or some sort of odd apparatus depicting intelligent design.
Sometimes, all that he brought home from the road, was just another conspiracy theory that he adopted.
Tunnel Vision and Messianic Delusions
Hovind’s decline, as Johnson tells it, was caused by rampant ego and unchecked pride. He guesses that given all the constant criticism and ridicule Hovind received for his beliefs, he developed a deaf ear to shut out the naysayers and continue firmly in his Ministry. Eventually, his deaf ear was not just reserved for the critics. Hovind began to disregard anyone who disagreed with him, including family and friends. Johnson contended that Hovind came considered himself a “prophet, and that others were there to hold his arms up”.
Increasingly, Hovind surrounded himself with “yes-men” and shunned all those that opposed him. He did things his way, justifying his reasoning with scripture, implying his way was also God’s way. Hovind, Johnson insisted, has always seen himself as an Old Testament prophet, essential if you want to understand the man and his actions.
Johnson went on to insist that everything Hovind has endured through all these years, including the eight behind bars, is self-inflicted. By only allowing people into his confidence who agreed with him absolutely, and by only taking the advice from those same people, he had sealed his fate. If Johnson felt any sympathy, I couldn’t detect it.
“I feel bad for anyone that goes to Glen Stoll for Advice”
Glen Stoll, trustee of the Creation Science Evangelism Trust ( a loose entity at best) and (dubious) source of legal advice for Hovind for long time, was one of these “yes-men.” When told that Stoll was still in the business of consulting, Johnson was shocked.
Hovind’s version of Swap Day.
Slip on my theology, I sport your brand.
If someone praised him or showed especially keen interest during Hovind’s talks, Hovind would often bestow courtly favor. He would gush. Then he might adopt parts of their ideology or whichever conspiracy theory they were touting. Johnson recalls a group of supporters of the “The Pink Swastika,” theories at Hovind’s talks on creationism. Johnson explains that they basically believed that Hitler and the Nazis were all a bunch of homosexuals. After Hovind’s presentation, they made appreciative comments. Hovind, like a school boy with a bad crush, immediately put their books in his Creation bookstore and started mentioning the Pink Swastika theories in casual conversations and even in his preachings. Johnson just had to shake his head.
“He traveled the road constantly, yet it seemed he was always at the park, meddling”
When Hovind would return from his travels having seen something interesting and say, “We should have that.” So he would interrupt the work crews, once again, and get them to rush on some home cooked carpentry to illustrate a point in creationism, or to build a bigger swing or higher climbing wall. He was always getting in the way of Johnson and the building crew, yanking them off one job and rushing them on another, classic crisis management.
While vowing to be hands-off on the operational side, but always meddling, Johnson characterized Hovind of having a mix of “micromanagement and ADD”. Johnson said Hovind’s management style left much to be desired. He constantly redirected people to different projects. His disorganization was polar opposite to Johnson’s keen sense of order. If a maintenance employee was working on a theme park ride, Hovind would tell them to go push kids on a swing or work on another project on his agenda.
Kevin Myers, the park’s caretaker, was one of those that could talk Hovind out of his plans for a while and convince him what he wanted wasn’t feasible, only to find out later that Hovind turned to someone else to complete the project for him. He was everywhere, knew everything that was going on, and always interrupting the work flow. Employees took to avoiding him so that could get something done.
Dr Dino follows no social norms, feels no shame, and isn’t afraid to be himself
“He never did have a regular sleep routine,” Johnson would be dreaming soundly in his hotel room only to be awakened by Hovind typing away on his computer at 2 a.m. An hour later he’d be in the shower, then typing again.
Hovind had “no social awareness, and regularly fell sound asleep sprawled out, his head on his suitcase smack in the middle of the airport gate boarding area with everyone having to walk around him. He’s wake up just up three minutes before flight times”.
Johnson compared him to Michael Scott of “The Office” for his socially oblivious ways.
Johnson kept remembering, but he wasn’t laughing. When some Hovind fans took them out to supper at Applebee’s during a tour, Kent slept soundly at the table. Johnson had to wake him up when the food arrived, Hovind then fell deeply asleep after consuming the meal. Johnson was left to entertain the group as Hovind caught some “z’s.”
“It was like he had a vaudeville act every time he met someone”
He would show people how to “scientifically” eat popcorn, start on the same retinue of stunts, like a comic telling the same jokes every night like a wind up doll. When Johnson and Hovind had occasion to share a meal alone while on the road, after a few attempts to explain to Johnson for the 200th time how to “scientifcally” eat popcorn, if Johnson wouldn’t play along Hovind would find himself at a loss for words and had a hard time coming up with conversation.
“It was like he was a disarmed robot when he was out of his routine”
Johnson and the DAL staff found entertainment in triggering responses from Kent Hovind.
“If you said the right thing, you would automatically get specific response, an old saying or action on Hovind’s part, dead-on predictable” Johnson said.
He was constantly missionizing, and would often break away to lead a tour, interact with visitors, or give away DVD’s from the store for free. Hoving wasn’t much fun for the person keeping inventory or handling the bookkeeping. Hovind saw himself as running a ministry, not a business.
“ I was offended that Hovind didn’t always practice what he preached.”
Johnson says Hovind fought against using Social Security numbers and health insurance, yet his children had SSN’s and he had insurance.
Hovind used to say, “Just because a dog can beat a skunk, doesn’t mean he should,” implying it wasn’t worth the trouble to challenge the government on certain issues. He was full of such witticisms, push a button, and out he would come with one idiomatic declaration or another.
To this day, he hasn’t taken his own advice.
“Reality TV has nothing on us”
Johnson and other employees would often joke that there should be a reality television show about DAL.
Although staff often jokingly called DAL the “compound,” Johnson says DAL wasn’t cult-like. Rather, it was light-hearted and welcoming. The staff would have a party at the end of the month to celebrate birthdays; they were like a family.
I asked Johnson about Hovind’s oldest son, Kent Andrew Hovind. Eric Hovind, who took over the ministry, and had offered important testimony at the trial. Kent Andrew it seems is someone who doesn’t do a lot of public work and would rather stay behind the scenes working the audio and video side of the CSE ministry.
When Johnson first arrived at DAL he wanted to bring more of a spiritual aspect to it, but he soon realized things weren’t going to be changed so easily.
Dinosaur Adventure Land: What is all the fuss about?
Johnson describes a typical day at DAL as chaotic yet entertaining. Some days, they would have to manage seven birthday parties, no easy task with more than 20 kids at each birthday bash. Johnson often felt that he and the high school and college volunteers were glorified babysitters. Hovind would sometimes leave what he was doing and go join the children or their families and give them a tour.
DAL reached its prime between 2003 and 2005, at time when it employed more than 40 staff members. A theme park dedicated to teaching creationism to its visitors, DAL featured simple rides, exhibits and educational tours, buildings full of fossils, bones, rocks and specimens of all sorts.
Many of the tour guides at DAL were highs schoolers from Pensacola Christian Academy eager to learn about creationism. Some were trained using VHS tapes Hovind had made, often spontaneously when he thought he was on a godly talking streak. He would ask a staffer to point a camera at him and he would just start talking and give a tour, as he wanted his volunteers to give a tour.
The tour guides, of course, had different theologies, influenced by the Brownsville Assembly of God or Peter Ruckman, but it rarely interfered with the tour’s teachings.
Hovind is a hot Potato and his fellow Christian educators duck and cover
Some people assume Pensacola Christian Academy (PCA) and Pensacola Christian College students (PCC) made up the majority of the tour guides. This wasn’t the case, Johnson told us,however, but if they did work for CSE, it was very secretive, they had to hide their college stickers while in the parking lot. Although PCC and PCA were physical neighbors with DAL, students were discouraged from any association with him and his ministry for several reasons.
One reason was that DAL was a tinderbox tax wise, and PCC had gone through their own tax issues and did not want more trouble. Then there was the fact that PCC was expanding and Hovind owned desirable land in their path. Another was that Hovind had become a big powerhouse, and big egos were at play. At one point, Johnson mentioned, Hovind held seminars at PCC and PCA, but the PCC founders, the powerful and eccentric Mrs Horton and her morosely silent husband, basically took the stance of “Who does he think he is?” They felt he was doing things illegally and getting away with it, and they didn’t want their name associated with Hovind’s.
Johnson says the creation store at parent week was packed with parents of PCC students because, naturally, Christians were attracted to it. However, during the school year students were banned from working or visiting the park and having any association with Hovind.
Perhaps the folks at PCC had a point, insists Johnson, Hovind was a loose cannon and a potential menace. Johnson had a first-hand experience with the “bust” when federal agents came onto DAL property. He had just taken a shower and was headed back toward his trailer when he was stopped by the cops and told he couldn’t go back.
“They wouldn’t even let me go back to the trailer to put my shoes on,” Johnson said.
The agents took the DAL staff to the gazebo, where agents interviewed each of them one by one. Although the staff had never expected anything like this to happen, they took it all in stride and were surprisingly cooperative with the agents and all the questioning. They had their usual staff devotion that day and continued their day as normal. Hovind wasn’t arrested yet, and the ordeal seemed to have no impact on him whatsoever.
When Hovind was later arrested, he was in his office talking with Myers. The officers went and got Jo Hovind, Hovind’s wife, out of bed and didn’t even allow her to change out of her night gown.
Hovind’s arrest, however, didn’t keep him from DAL. He still managed to call different departments from prison to micromanage and run the theme park. The staff was actually discouraged from accepting phone calls from Hovind, in order to keep the park running smoothly.
Hovind had no demonstrable self-awareness. Johnson remembers Hovind pointing out pride and mismanagement in other ministry leaders, yet he wouldn’t own up to the same flaws in his own life.
After Hovind’s arrest, many people assumed DAL was closed because attendance at the park started to dwindle and began closing for the winter months.
Some things did improve though. Now that Hovind was gone, management could now be amended. Eric, his son, took over the management, and although at first he had a similar management style to his father given that was all he knew, he improved steadily. Eric started running the ministry the right way, eventually creating the 501(c)(3) DBA God Quest.
Eric did receive some backlash for running things differently, such as being less strict on using only the King James Version Bible. He also stood by the fact that people are sometimes called to submit to society and its rules as long as it doesn’t interfere with God’s rules.
Venom Fang X
As God Quest took over, they offered an internship for Christian YouTuber’s. Johnson and a well known Christian YouTuber, Venom Fang X, worked together. Venom Fang X had come to Christ through Hovind’s videos, and at the time he had over 20,000 followers. But Johnson and X were frustrated as they saw their own ideas pushed aside their ideas and the Ministry made them work on projects for their own agenda, projects like curricula and Bible studies. Johnson and Fang were more interested in teaching truth as they saw it through YouTube videos.
Johnson believes the CSE ministry and DAL would have been much more successful had they been managed by someone else and Hovind had been left to teach and stay the visionary of the ministry. Johnson is disappointed at the lost potential of DAL.
“People love Hovind because they don’t really know him.”
Hovind and his beliefs have attracted many conspiracy theorists, and they all support each other. Hovind has always been into conspiracy theories and his fans on picket lines rooting for his freedom attest to that.
A website called www.freekenthovind.com was created by Hovindicators to raise funds to help Hovind in his battle with the government. When asked about the Hovindicators, Johnson smiled as he said, “People love Hovind because they don’t really know him.”
Johnson says Hovind is right in some respects. The government enforces the laws it wants to and Hovind is trying to make the government obey their own laws. But Johnson is confused at Hovind’s choice to fight the government on this issue.
“ picked a strange hill to die on,” Johnson said.
Johnson says Hovind used to preach that it was not the kingdom’s job to invade the cultural laws of America. With that, Johnson has seen that every ministry has flaws because they are run by imperfect humans.
Currently, Johnson volunteers at the creation store on Mondays. He’s been working on the Genesis movie, a CGI film created by Sevenfold Ministries, rough cutting the interviews. Money for the movie was raised through a crowdfunding campaign.
Johnson also does some window washing in Destin, unless he’s driving buses for Save the Storks, a pro-life ministry that has 12 buses nationwide. These mobile medical units camp out at abortion clinics and offer ultrasounds to pregnant women, along with other medical care and of course advice.
The last words from Johnson about Hovind were the strongest.
Johnson quoted 1 Peter 2:13-15, which says, “Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s Sake: whether it be to the king as supreme; or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well. For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men.”
Johnson says Hovind hasn’t followed this scripture and hasn’t silenced the foolishness of ignorant men. He’s tarnished the reputation of his ministry and taken the focus off of God and put it on himself.
Today, people will come into the creation store not asking about God and creation, but how Hovind is doing.
Johnson says, even though Hovind’s family and fellow believers in Christ have pleaded with him, he won’t give up the fight. He’s on a mission, a mandate from God. His friends and family had hoped time in prison would give him a chance to relax and meditate on God’s word, but he’s never stopped fighting.
Johnson said he’s intrigued to “see what Kent Hovind does to himself.”
Comments
A lot of Johnson’s observations about Hovind and his management style remind me of the classic founder/grounder disputes that are common in dynamic organizations. People who start things tend to drive people who want to run them in an organized fashion a little crazy. Jonathan Schwartz, himself, as the executive director of a not for profit may have fallen into the trap himself from time to time. I was hoping to get the co-administrator of this blog to do an expose on what it was like being an intern at Interlock Media, but my son William is too nice a kid for that type of thing. PJR
Rudy and Erin Davis discussed this piece with Kent Hovind beginning around the 4:17 mark
Comments
A lot of Johnson’s observations about Hovind and his management style remind me of the classic founder/grounder disputes that are common in dynamic organizations. People who start things tend to drive people who want to run them in an organized fashion a little crazy. Jonathan Schwartz, himself, as the executive director of a not for profit may have fallen into the trap himself from time to time. I was hoping to get the co-administrator of this blog to do an expose on what it was like being an intern at Interlock Media, but my son William is too nice a kid for that type of thing. PJR
Rudy and Erin Davis discussed this piece with Kent Hovind beginning around the 4:17 mark
They made me realize that I may not clearly indicate that this is my blog (me being Peter J Reilly CPA) and that this was mostly a guest post from Jonathan Schwartz. I’ll have to work on that.
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It seems that analysis is quite consistent with my proposal that, among other possible things, Kent has Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
I have repeatedly suggested a mental evaluation, but no one seems to be in a position to or have an interest in getting one.
I don't think it would excuse Kent's behavior, but it would help explain it.
Daniel Johnson has a FaceBook page at:
https://www.facebook.com/theTRUTHgroup
I think it coincidental that Kent Hovind and Rudy Davis demonstrate some of what is expressed in the above article; Kent speaking "ex cathredra" and giving orders about another project for one of his Hovindicators to complete:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZebUz9l_BQ
it is difficult for those who are not genius to understand those who are http://www.FreeKentHovind.com #FreeKent Now!
Let the genius figure his own way out of jail. Me, I'll be busy rendering unto Caesar, what with April 15th being just around the corner.
It doesn't matter whether Kent gets out of jail anytime soon. There's plenty more where he came from and they, thus far, have not demonstrated themselves to be incorrigible felons.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eo5MdHMNcw
Eric's proselytizing too. Wouldn't daddy be proud?
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2015/03/28/creationist-eric-hovind-preached-creationism-at-a-georgia-public-school-this-week-and-we-have-proof/
That would be the moron that did the tour of a museum with Eric, where they both show a lack of having any real education.
I'll finish reading in a minute, but I had to come down here and say this. I worked at Panera briefly, and they take their coffee stupidly seriously. Part of my training was spending about an hour/hour-and-a-half going through an interactive computer presentation about their sourcing, delivery, and how special their brew is. And apparently every employee, regardless of position, had to go through that module. So a locked door barista meeting sounds exactly like the kind of thing they would do.
The nice thing about this point in history is that YouTube exploded during the time that Hovind was in jail, allowing those with actual working knowledge in science to offer criticisms of Hovind's ideas (definitely can't call them theories, and they're not even hypotheses).
Sounds more like Hovind is Asperger's. Look it up.
On the tax law issue, I can best quote actual law, because you can't argue with it;
"An income tax is neither a property tax nor a tax on occupations of common right, but is an excise tax…The legislature may declare as 'privileged' and tax as such for state revenue, those pursuits not matters of common right, but it has no power to declare as a 'privilege' and tax for revenue purposes, occupations that are of common right."
“The right to engage in an employment, to carry on a business, or pursue an occupation or profession not in itself hurtful or conducted in a manner injurious to the public, is a common right, which, under our Constitution, as construed by all our former decisions, can neither be prohibited nor hampered by laying a tax for State revenue on the occupation, employment, business or profession. … Thousands of individuals in this State carry on their occupations as above defined who derive no income whatever therefrom. But, where an income is derived from any occupation, business, profession or employment, then the Legislature may lay thereon a tax…”
Sims v. Ahrens, 271 SW 720 (Ark. S. Ct. 1925)
Right to work and earn a living/Labor is property
Butchers’ Union v. Crescent city, 111 U.S. 746, 4 S.Ct. 652, 28 L.Ed. 585 (1884), . It has been well said that 'the property which every man has in his own labor, as it is the original foundation of all other property, so it is the most sacred and inviolable. The patrimony of the poor man lies in the strength and dexterity of his own hands, and to hinder his employing this strength and dexterity in what manner he thinks proper, without injury to his neighbor, is a plain violation of this most sacred property.
Davis v. Boston & Maine Railroad Co. (89 F2d 368, 376) ruled likewise: "Working by an artisan at his trade, carrying on an ordinary business, or engaging in a common occupation cannot be subjected to a license fee or excise… The rights to labor and to do ordinary business are natural, essential and inalienable, partaking of the nature both of personal liberty and of private property.
Definition of Employee
IRC 3401 (c )
For the purposes of this chapter, the term “employee” includes an officer, employee, or elected official of the United States, a State, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or any agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing.
Definition of income
“Income”:
• Remuneration (either immediate or deferred) paid by the federal government including– but not confined to– “wages” (see below);
• Benefits paid by the federal government;
• The proceeds of, and from, federal ("United States") corporations or instrumentalities such as national banks, railroads, etc.;
• The proceeds of, and from, the conduct of a "trade or business" (the performance of the functions of a public office).
('Proceeds' means any form of related payment or gain, including, for example, dividends paid to stockholders, etc.. To invest in an activity is to engage in that activity.)
“Wages”:
• Remuneration of any kind, and by any name (including ‘salary’, ‘fee’, etc.) paid to any “employee” (see below), and to others in positions in the federal civil or military services.
“Employee”:
• A federal government worker or office-holder;
• Workers and office-holders of the local governments of the District of Columbia and the territories and possessions;
• Workers and office-holders of any federal, D.C., or territorial or possessions government agency or instrumentality;
• Officers of any federal corporation.
'The terms "excise tax" and "privilege tax" are synonymous. The two are often used interchangeably.' (American Airways v. Wallace 57 F.2d 877, 880)
There's a lot more, but that should give you something to chew on for awhile.